Stîve (gender unknown)
bagpipe term also used for other aerophones
From Old French "estive"; NOT a bagpipe, but according to Marcuse a Middle English and Middle High German term believed to denote the bagpipe or possibly the trumpet, stating also that "The word appears in English literature of the 13th century, and in "Parzifal" [sic] the stive is played with a buisine, flute and tabor" ("Parzival" is a mediaeval German romance, commonly dated to the 1st quarter 13th century, written in Middle High German, by Wolfram von Eschenbach (ca. 1160/80-ca. 1220)); According to Sachs, a Middle High German name for Trumpet, whereas Franz Pfeiffer, »Deutsche Classiker des Mittelalters«, Band 11, Teil 3 (1877 (2nd ed.)), defines it as a shawm; NB: ➺ Estive and Stiva.
Sachs, Curt: Real-Lexikon der Musikinstrumente: zugleich ein Polyglossar für das gesamte Instrumentengebiet [Berlin, 1913]. Hildesheim, 1964 [facsimile].
Sachs, Curt: Handbuch der Musikinstrumentenkunde [1920]. Leipzig, 1930 (2), p.354.
Pfeiffer, Franz: Deutsche Classiker des Mittelalters, mit Wort- und Sacherklärungen…, 11 (Wolfram’s von Eschenbach »Parzival und Titürel«). Herausgegeben von Karl Bartsch. Dritter Theil (2. Auflage). Leipzig, 1877, p.143.
Marcuse, Sibyl: Musical instruments: a comprehensive dictionary. New York, 1975 (Stive: »Brücker; »Treder).
Podnos, Theodor H.: Bagpipes and tunings. Detroit, 1974, p.18, 22 (Stive: »Marcuse).