Literal translations, mentioned in Mari dictionary: "trunk (of a tree), barrel (of a firearm)" [&c.]; NB¹: In "Manufacturing technology..." also mentioned by the full term шўвыр йытыр [Šŭvyr jytyr); NB²: ➺ Sem jytyr and Bas jytyr.

According to "Manufacturing technology...", the length and thickness of the playing tubes (which are made of cane) are commensurate [i.e. in proportion] with the overall size of the instrument (i.e. length: 180-300 mm; Ø 7-10 mm); According to Boone, "Earlier on bird bones were used (geese, swans, cranes), but later these were replaced by pipes made of lead, tin or brass"; NB³: This statement is probably incorrect, and therefore rather confusing, because I doubt that undamaged original tubes were removed, to make place for tubes made of the mentioned materials; The playing tubes of new instruments are, however, usually made of the above mentioned cane and, possibly, the "new" materials, instead of bird bones!