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Gajdy śląskie (f) (plurale tantum)

~ of Silesia

Bagpipe, bellows-blown: 2 stocks (a: single chanter / b: drone)

Identical types: 16

Wisła and surroundings; Bellows-blown only; In Poland, the name Gajdy is only used in the western part of the Beskid Mountains; The oldest Gajdy, known to researchers, is an instrument that was built around 1789, and discovered in 1965 in Kamesznica, by Pilecki, according to whom "there is no previous information in literature and historical sources on the introduction of the bellows"; From the 16th century the term Gajdy appears in old Polish literature, but less often than the term Dudy; According to Jan Kawulok of Istebna (1899-1976), the name comes from the verb "gajdować", which is used to define the motion of the wind; According Katarzyna & Maciej Szymonowiczowie, "Following this line of thinking, "gajduje" [which is the 3rd singular form of the verb; ws] is a contraction of the words "gaj" [forest] and "duje" [blow away]; Referring to S.M. Stoiński, »Dudy Żywieckie« (Żywiec, 1938), p.27, they also state that "the Gajdy was a rural, not a shepherd’s instrument".
NB¹: ➺ Dudy żywieckie (Remark by Jan Kawulok (1899-1976)); NB²: ➺ Moravia (Czechia); NB³: ➺ homonyms, &c. (incl. Gaida and Gaita).

Gajdy śląskie

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Sources

Leydi, Roberto: La zampogna in Europa. Como, 1979, p.149.

Sobiescy, Jadwiga [Pietruszyńska] & Marian: Polska muzyka ludowa i jej problemy [Polish folk music and its problems]. Wybór prac pod redakcją Ludwika Bielawskiego [A selection of their works edited by Ludwik Bielawski]. Warszawa, 1973, p.177.

Kopoczek, Alojzy: Ludowe instrumenty muzyczne polskiego obszaru karpackiego: instrumenty dęte (Folk instruments in the Polish Carpathian region: wind instruments). Rzeszów, 1996, p.104-112, 148 (map).

Kubik, Józef: Przysłowia i wyrażenia przysłowiowe o instrumentach dętych (Proverbs and proverbial expressions about wind instruments). In: Polskie instrumenty ludowe… (1981), p.125.

Pilecki, Czesław: "Gajdy": ludowy instrument muzyczny w Beskidzie Śląskim (Les "gajdy": instrument de musique populaire du Beskide de Silésie). In: Roczniki etnogr.śląskiej 4 (Wrocław, 1972), p.126.

Szymonowiczowie, Katarzyna & Maciej: Gajdosze (album). Żywiec, 2014, p.51 (»Stoiński), 78 (»Kawulok), 79, 80, 99 & passim.

Personal communication

Jan Sikora (Wisła, Nov. 2000).

Web

dudziarz.eu (Nazewnictwo i rodzaje dud polskich [Names and types of Polish bagpipes])