Tulum / Tulūm (-)
original: [طولوم ؟]
Bagpipe, mouth-blown: 1 stock (double chanter) / no drones
Originally the term indicated a bag used to carry water, wine, &c.; Northeastern Anatolia; Marcuse erroneously claims that "each chanter […] often has a bell of cowhorn", dubiously referring to Baines, who shows a clear drawing, and states that it has "a square-sectioned, serrated bell reminiscent of a cowhorn bell", instead; According to Kuhač, "the Turks don't have a term for bagpipes in their language, because the word Tulum means a skin bag, into which wine or something like that is poured"; NB¹: With this observation he shows to be unaware of the fact that in several cultures the local (equivalent) term is used for the domestic bagpipe, too!; NB²: ➺ homonyms, &c.; NB³: ➺ Touloumi; NB4: ➺ Zummárah bi-saan"; NB5: ➺ etymology ("skin bag").
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Sachs, Curt: Real-Lexikon der Musikinstrumente: zugleich ein Polyglossar für das gesamte Instrumentengebiet [Berlin, 1913]. Hildesheim, 1964 [facsimile] (Tulūm).
Baines, Anthony: Bagpipes [1960]. Oxford, 1973 (revised), p.46-47/*.
Leydi, Roberto: La zampogna in Europa. Como, 1979, p.179.
Picken, Laurence: Folk musical instruments of Turkey. London, 1975, p.528.
Airs du temps: cornemuses du monde, musiques des régions. Ploezal, 1996, p.27.
Marcuse, Sibyl: Musical instruments: a comprehensive dictionary. New York, 1975 (»Baines).
Podnos, Theodor H.: Bagpipes and tunings. Detroit, 1974, p.32 (»Baines), 47.
Kuhač, Franjo Š. [Šaver]: Prilog za poviest glasbe južnoslovjenske: Gajde [Contribution to the history of South Slavic music: Bagpipes]. In: Rad jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, knjiga L (Zagreb, 1879), p.76.