From Teresa Garzia, »Tradizioni popolari di Frosolone«. Tesi di laurea (Roma, 1949-50), in which this duo is described as "... one plays the zampogna without interruption, [while] the other, the pifferaio, sings the song and plays a "ritornello" after each verse (strophe)"; NB¹: Mauro Gioielli informs us that, "as far as we are told, the zampognari have always been from Lazio” (➺ Latium!), which doesn't correspond with the truth, as is asserted by Elfriede Pokorny, who mentions “Dudelsack-Bläsern aus Scápoli” at a festivity in Isernia in her book »Molise. Entdeckungsreise durch das ländliche Italien zwischen Adria und Apennin« (Köln, 1994; p.194); Gioielli fails, however, to substantiate his statement that those musicians came "dal frusinate" [from Frosinone (Latium)], instead; NB²: Arturo Lancellotti refers to the "zampognari with their bagpipe and piffero [shawm], who play the novena [Christmas carol]", and informs us that “In Molise, in Campobasso, Epiphany is an intimate celebration. In the evening, ... after reciting the rosary, the youngest of the house removes the Infant [i.e. Jesus] from the crib, while the zampognari play the pastoral [tune] ..."; NB³: ➺ Zampognata.

Cornamusai