Orders given, during a performance, by the Pipe or Drum Major, to ensure an organised movement of the concerning formation; The usual orders are "by the right / left / centre"; NB¹: According to Richard England, "By the right" indicates (typically) that the pipe major is on the right front corner of the formation and everyone should guide (align) on them [sic]. If the formation is reversed, as would happen after a counter-march, the appropriate command would be "By the left". NB²: Marching always steps off on the left foot [End of this quotation]; NB³: According to Kenton Adler, Drum Majors usually call, "By the centre, quick march". Pipe Majors call, "by the right", which is based on where they are standing in the formation. Pipe Majors usually stand to the far right of the front rank. Some ignore where they are standing, or don’t understand the meaning, and just call it that way because that’s how they always heard it, or call it. Stepping off on the left foot is standard military marching tradition in the US, and the UK. Everybody in the formation steps on the same foot, and the ONE beat falls on the left foot [End of quotation; ws]; NB⁴: ➺ Urzh kerzhout (Brittany, France).