Totaro (m)
(with) definite article: ? [il?]only drone, non-adjustable: cylindrical, straight, bell, cavity / single reed
Held in a vertical position by the hand of the arm with which the piper presses the bag, whilst playing the chanter with the other hand; Pipers of Panni do not even try to make the drone in tune with the chanter; Usually its sound is so low that it can be hardly considered a tone; NB: The term is, according to Gioielli, "in some areas of Molise a name for the Ciaramella [shawm]"; Oddly, he refers to Giuseppe Cremonese, »Vocabolario del dialetto agnonese« (Agnone, 1893), p.125-126, in which only Tutarella is mentioned and defined as "Cennamella, strumento musicale rustico; dim. di Tuba Lat." [i.e. NOT the diminutive form of Totaro, as Gioielli claims!].
Made of cane (Arundo donax); Total length, including bell: 850 mm; Ø 30 mm; The actual drone (633 mm) interlocks in a tube that serves as a "stock"; The bell is made from a dried and scooped gourd (height: 217 mm; Ø of its "handle": 55 mm).
Gioielli, Mauro: La zampogna in Puglia. In: La zampogna: gli aerofoni a sacco in Italia (2005), II, p.46*-48, 220 (note 29 [➺ p.48]).
Cremonese, Giuseppe: Vocabolario del dialetto agnonese. Agnone, 1893.