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Zummara / Zummāra / Zummârah (gender unknown)

(with) definite article: ?

original: [compare الزصمارة (Hickmann)] زمار

Hornpipe without a mouthpiece: double chanter (no drone), no bell / idioglot single reeds: up-cut

Identical types: 5

Generic name for several types of double-clarinet; A corruption of Zammāra; According to Sachs, "In instruments of this type, the equal notes on the left and right hand pipes usually differ (purposely) slightly in pitch, in order to intensify the sound"; NB¹: ➺ Pipëza (Albania), Maït, and Yarul; NB²: ➺ Marcuse's remark to Qurmah regarding "the illustration in Sachs's Reallexikon" !

According to Sachs, "The cane pipes (tied together with waxed yarn) can be of equal length with a slightly different Ø, or of slightly different length (same Ø)"; NB: Mahillon’s description of 4 instruments reads as follows: № 115 (coll. Sax, № 376; collection of the Kensington Museum [nowadays Victoria and Albert Museum, London]): Total length: 43 cm.; Range: a♭-c¹-d♭-d-e♭-e-f¹; № 116 (coll. Sax, n° 379): Total length: 37 cm.; Range: b-d¹-d♯-e-f-f♯-g¹; № 117 (coll. Sax, № 377): Total length: 35 cm.; Range: c¹-d-e-f-f♯-g-g♯¹; and № 118/* (coll. Sax, № 375): Total length: 30 cm.; Range: c♯¹-d♯-e-f-f♯-g-g♯¹.
NB: Example(s) to be replaced with staff-notation.

Miğwiz, Mijwiz, Mizwiğ, Zammāra, Z’mar / Z’marâ (Z’marā)


Sources

Sachs, Curt: Real-Lexikon der Musikinstrumente: zugleich ein Polyglossar für das gesamte Instrumentengebiet [Berlin, 1913]. Hildesheim, 1964 [facsimile] (Zummâra).

Leydi, Roberto: La zampogna in Europa. Como, 1979, p.183.

Meer, John Henry van der: Typologie der Sackpfeife. In: Anz. Germ. Nationalmus. (Nürnberg, 1964), p.127 (Zummara).

Sachs, Curt: The history of musical instruments. New York, 1940, p.92 (Zummâra).

Mahillon, Victor-Charles: Catalogue descriptif et analytique du Musée instrumental du Conservatoire royal de Musique, I-V. Gand, 1893-1912, (Zummârah): p.166-167 (№s 115-118).

Marcuse, Sibyl: Musical instruments: a comprehensive dictionary. New York, 1975 (»Grove, 5th ed.; »MGG (Hickmann); »Sachs, History).

Lièvre, Viviane: Danses du Maghreb, d'une rive à l'autre [Dances of the Maghreb, from one shore to the other]. Paris, 1987, p.161 (Zummara).

Web

Archive org. (Mahillon [Find zummarah]).
Google books (Mahillon [scroll to p.166 (№ 115) ff., or Find zummarah (p.167, № 117 [sic]) and scroll back to p.166]).